Dividend allowance cut hits home

 

The dividend allowance, which was originally introduced from 6 April 2016, was cut from £5,000 a year to £2,000 from 6 April 2018. The cut is likely to have a significant impact on director and employee shareholders of small businesses who receive both salary and dividend payments.

 

Many family-owned companies commonly allocate dividends towards the end of their financial year and/or the tax year, so it was not until March/April 2019 that the impact of the reduction first started to hit home. Unfortunately, many other taxpayers may not become aware of the change until they complete their 2018/19 tax return, which in most cases will be due for submission to HMRC by 31 January 2020.

 

How much tax is paid on dividend income is determined by the amount of overall income the taxpayer receives. This includes earnings, savings, dividend and non-dividend income. The dividend tax will primarily depend on which tax band the first £2,000 falls in.

 

The tax rates on dividend income above the allowance remain at 7.5% for basic rate taxpayers, 32.5% for higher rate taxpayers, and 38.1% for additional rate taxpayers.

 

For a basic rate taxpayer, the reduction in the allowance means an increase in tax paid on dividends of £225. For a higher rate taxpayer, the reduction increases the annual tax bill on dividends by £975, and for additional rate taxpayers the increase is £1,143. Note that if dividend income falls between multiple tax bands, these figures will be different.

 

Dividend income is generally taxed at the taxpayer’s highest rate. This can often work in the taxpayer’s favour, particularly where a mixture of salary and dividends is received. 

 

For example, if a director receives a salary of £40,000 and a dividend of £12,000, their tax liability for 2019/20 will be as follows:

 

Personal allowance £12,500 £0

Basic (20%) rate £27,500 £5,500

Dividend allowance £2,000 £0

Basic rate 7.5% £8,000 £600

Higher rate 32.5% £2,000 £650

Total tax due for year £6,750

 

In this example, personal allowances are deducted first against the salary, leaving £27,500 of other income falling within the basic rate tax band (£37,500 for 2019/20). Dividend income falling within the basic rate band is £10,000 (i.e. £37,500 minus £27,500 used), with the remaining £2,000 falling above the basic rate limit. The dividend nil rate is allocated to the first £2,000 of dividend income, falling wholly within the basic rate limit, leaving £8,000 within the basic rate limit and taxable at the lower 7.5% rate. The remaining £2,000 of dividend income is taxable at the dividend upper rate of 32.5%.

 

Individuals who are not registered for self-assessment generally do not need to inform HMRC where they receive dividend income of up to £2,000. 

 

Those with income between £2,000 and £10,000 will need to report it to HMRC. The tax can usually be paid via a restriction to the PAYE tax code number so that it is deducted from salary or pension. Alternatively, the taxpayer can complete a self-assessment tax return and the tax can be paid in the usual way (generally by 31 January following the end of the tax year in which the income was received). Those receiving more than £10,000 in dividends will need to complete a tax return.

 

The allocation of various rate bands and tax rates can be complicated, even in situations where straightforward dividend payments are made. Family business structures may be particularly vulnerable to the impact of the reduction in the dividend allowance, especially where multiple family members take dividends from the family company. A pre-dividend review may be beneficial in such cases.